{"id":22765,"date":"2025-04-21T00:20:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T17:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/thoi-su\/chip-2-nm-tien-tien-nhat-the-gioi\/"},"modified":"2025-04-21T00:20:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T17:20:02","slug":"chip-2-nm-tien-tien-nhat-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/?p=22765","title":{"rendered":"Chip 2 nm ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i Loan h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t chip 2 nm s\u1ebd v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a TSMC tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Cybersec 2025 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc h\u00f4m 15\/4. \u1ea2nh: I-Hwa Cheng\/AFP<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Microchip l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1eeb b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n, smartphone \u0111\u1ebfn laptop, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, theo Live Science<\/em>. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 silicon \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea1ch si\u00eau nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u00ed hon ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, chip c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhanh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip lu\u00f4n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gom nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 microchip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a TSMC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u00f2ng A c\u1ee7a Apple d\u00f9ng trong iPhone, iPad, Mac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GPU) c\u1ee7a Nvidia d\u00f9ng cho h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng AI. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd Ryzen v\u00e0 EPYC c\u1ee7a AMD, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd Snapdragon c\u1ee7a Qualcomm, d\u00f9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i Samsung, Xiaomi, OnePlus, Google.<\/p>\n

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B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a TSMC \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan. \u1ea2nh: TSMC<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u0103m 2020, TSMC b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf microchip \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 5 nm FinFET, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n smartphone v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao (HPC) – cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Hai n\u0103m sau, TSMC gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf 3 nm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c microchip nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi chip 2 nm, smartphone, laptop v\u00e0 tablet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n trong khi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, chip 3 nm, chip 2 nm m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a TSMC d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n 10% – 15% \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n 20% – 30% \u1edf c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn trong chip 2 nm t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 15% so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 3 nm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Chip 2 nm h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AI nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, d\u1ecbch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 robot c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a chip m\u1edbi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, chip 2 nm c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip 2 nm \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 quang kh\u1eafc c\u1ef1c t\u00edm si\u00eau m\u1ea1nh (EUV). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t. D\u00f9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, khi b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn thu nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a chip.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 silicon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chip, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bismuth thay v\u00ec silicon truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n 40% chip silicon 3 nm c\u1ee7a Intel v\u00e0 TSMC, trong khi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 10%.<\/p>\n

Thu Th\u1ea3o<\/strong> (Theo Live Science, Interesting Engineering<\/em>)<\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i Loan h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t chip 2 nm s\u1ebd v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22766,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow44a6DA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thoi-su"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22765"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22765\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanghung.name.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}